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The Turkish population is cinsists of several groups of people from Centrale-Asia. In the course of time however these groups melted this way that their identity went up in that what we Turks call. Turkey has approximately 55 millions inhabitants. There are in current Turkey, still ethnic groups which have, preserved their identity.

The Turkomen, Türkmen in Turkish, are the ancestors of the Turks. The dynasty of the Seltsjoeken descends of the Turkmens tribe Ghuzz or Oguz in Centrale-Asia. The Seltsjoeken, which played an important role in 11th and the 12th century, had converted themselves hundred years before to Islam and established themselves in Persia, in the Iranian province of Khurasan.
In that period, their leader Tügrul Bey with its ghazi's,warriors of faith, conquered between 1050 and 1055, Isfahan and Bagdad and other parts of the current Iran and Iraq and he exclaimed itself to protector of the Caliph of Bagdad, the mental leader of the Sunniets. The caliph rewarded him with the title of sultan and together they did fight against the Shiits. Togrul's continuators Alp Arslan (1063-1072) and Malik Shah extended their empire towards Syria, Palestina and Anatolia. Alp covered Arslan in the 1071 byzantines at Malazgirt and immediately he opened access to Anatolia.

By many the year 1071 is assimilated with the beginning of 'Turkey'. The Turkomen sailed into Islam and steamed the country ready for centuries lasting Ottomaanse predominance. When Alp Arslan had overcome (Christian) the Byzantines, the Christian world did wake up. Immediately this was a reason for the first crusade in 1095.

After the death of Malik Shah his sons took power, but mutual disunion and a fight for power started to gradually collaps their empire. Süleyman Shah besieged Konya and conquered it, just like Iznik. In last mentioned state he became sultan of Anatolia. Iznik was reconquered later by the Byzantines and Konya became the new capital. The strugle for power went further.

Only the sultan of rum, with Konya remained as a capital.

Eventually intact until the mongols in 1243 after the battle of Kösedag also took Anatolia by surprise and for a half century would dominate there. Mesud II were the last Selts king.

The new dominators would make also the Turkish language rapidly to official one. Islamic culture was flowering in Turkey under the Selts and later under the Osmans, but also in the current Turkey Islam is still underestimate a factor in social and political life. This in spite of Atatürks enthusiastic striving to make an entirely secular state of Turkey, towards Western model.